We often hear that cosmetics contain active substances, but do we know what it actually means? What are active substances in cosmetics, what are their types and which ones are the most popular?
What are active substances in cosmetics?
Cosmetics consist of base substances and active substances. Whereas base substances are just the composition of the cosmetic, active substances determine the effect of the product. Base substances include, among others, water, alcohol, dyes, fragrances, silicones and emulsifiers. The active substances are found in the base substances.
Active substances in cosmetics – types
Active substances can be divided into three groups depending on the range of action. And so – active substances can act on the surface of the skin and hair (for example, lipids, ceramides, lecithins, exfoliants or UV filters with a moisturizing and protective effect), reach the deeper layers of the skin (for example, retinoids, phytohormones, terpenes or vitamins) or act up to the cellular level (e.g. antioxidants).
The most popular active substances in cosmetics
The most popular active substances found in cosmetics can be considered:
- retinol,
- coenzyme Q-10,
- phytohormones,
- idebenone,
- vitamins and minerals,
- evening primrose.
Retinol is a pure form of vitamin A that strengthens the body from the inside. It delays skin ageing processes by regenerating, reducing wrinkles after tanning and preventing the formation of new ones. Coenzyme Q-10 is a popular antioxidant that provides the body with the necessary dose of energy. In addition, it regulates the production of elastin and collagen, which firms the skin and fights swelling and paleness. Phytohormones affect the hydration and elasticity of the skin, which loses these properties after the age of 45, when the body’s level of female sex hormones drops. Idebenone is one of the strongest antioxidants that prolong life and increases the activity of healthy cells. Vitamins and minerals (especially vitamins C, E and beta-carotene) fight free radicals, which accelerate the ageing process of the body. The evening primrose, specifically its seeds, contain gamma-linolenic acid, which nourishes and firms the skin, supports cell renewal and soothes irritation.
